First aid is urgent measures with which you can save a person’s life. Consider the most important basic skills that everyone should have.
10. First Aid Algorithm
So that all actions are not useless, you need to do everything according to a certain algorithm. First you need to make sure that you yourself will not suffer during the salvation of another person. Then ensure the safety of the victim (for example, pull him out of the car in an accident). Check if it responds to light, make sure there is breathing and a pulse. After that, call the rescuers, doctors and give the person first aid. Before the arrival of specialists, try to provide him with maximum comfort.
9. Artificial respiration
To restore the natural ventilation of the human lungs, artificial respiration can be performed. It is done in many ways. The most effective methods are mouth to nose and mouth to mouth. Before the procedure, it will be necessary to remove blood, mucus and everything that interferes with the flow of air into the respiratory tract from the victim’s oral cavity. After first aid, the chest should begin to rise.
8. Indirect cardiac massage
Such exposure may be required in cases where a person does not have a pulse. In the process of its implementation, the heart muscles are compressed between the spinal column and sternum. This allows you to maintain the blood circulation of the victim, whose heart has stopped. Such an effect cannot be carried out if a person has a pulse.
The victim will need to be transferred to a hard and flat surface. After that, find the end of the sternum, its smallest part. It is called the xiphoid process. Then you will need to find the compression point: measure from the xiphoid process from 20 to 40 mm upwards. In this place you will need to put the base of the palm. Place the other hand on top of the first, connect your fingers. The shocks should be rhythmic: move your hand strictly vertically, with maximum caution, but quite strongly.
7. Reception of Heimlich
When foreign bodies, food particles get into the trachea, it is partially or completely clogged, and a person begins to feel attacks of suffocation. Reception of Heimlich allows you to clear the airways. It will be necessary to stand behind the person, clasp his hands and connect them on his chest, stepping back a few centimeters from the umbilical region. Then begin to sharply bend the limbs at the elbows, pressing on the stomach. Press until the airways are clear.
6. Help with bleeding
Bleeding can be arterial, venous or capillary. If it is arterial, you will need to squeeze the artery with your fist or fingers. If the bleeding is venous, use a pressure bandage. Put gauze on the wound and place a clean towel or cotton wool (in several layers) on it. Then it will be necessary to bandage everything tightly. If bleeding is capillary, use an aseptic dressing.
5. Help with fractures
Fracture is closed, open. If the fracture is open, bone fragments are visible in some cases. To provide first aid to the victim, you first need to stop the bleeding (if any). Then try to understand whether it is possible to move a person before the arrival of doctors. In case of damage to the spinal column, it is strictly forbidden to change the position of the victim. Fix the joints that are below and above the lesion. Then you should put the tire. It can be made from improvised materials.
4. Help for burns
First, it will be necessary to protect the victim from further exposure to the damaging factor (hot water, flame, and so on). Then you should free the burnt place from clothes and treat it with vodka or a mixture of water and alcohol. You should not treat the affected areas with greasy creams or oil-based products: with their help, it will not be possible to alleviate the condition of the victim. Then treat the burned area with cold water and dress the wound. The victim will have to drink warm, salty liquid.
3. Help with fainting
It will be necessary to conveniently put the person, to undress him, so that nothing would disturb him. If the victim is indoors, open doors and windows wide so that the maximum amount of fresh air enters the room. Moisten a person's forehead and cheeks with cold water, let him inhale the smell of ammonia. If he does not recover after a few minutes, call a doctor immediately.
2. Drowning and sunstroke
When drowning, you will need to move a person to land. When he is there, lay his belly on your knee. The person should be head down. Then you need to remove algae, mucus from his mouth. If a person does not breathe, there is no pulse, immediately do an indirect heart massage, artificial lung ventilation.
If a sunstroke occurs with a person, you will need to transfer it to a cool and well-ventilated place. Then develop it, take off his clothes. Dampen a towel with cold water, place it on the victim’s neck and head. Let it inhale the smell of ammonia. If the need arises, it will be possible to carry out artificial ventilation of the lungs. The victim will need to be given a lot of slightly salty cool water.
1. Subcooling and frostbite
During hypothermia, it will be necessary to wrap the victim with something warm or bring (bring) him into a warm room. An overcooled person cannot be rubbed: his body must warm itself. Give him food, a warm drink.
Frostbite may occur as a result of hypothermia. Its symptoms are loss of sensation, numbness, tingling, feeling of cold. A person with frostbite will need to be placed in heat. Damaged areas can not be rubbed with anything: this can only worsen the situation. Frozen places will need to be wrapped with something warm.